![]() ![]() The response is not genetic, so even though hunters are altering the age and sex composition of the population, it is unlikely that hunting is having substantial long-term consequences on these elk. "Learning plays a large part in the adaptation of elk to hunting, and those elk that survive hunting seasons get even better at avoiding hunters in subsequent seasons," explained Boyce. These findings also have implications for wildlife management and conservation strategies. ![]() This includes moving less overall, covering less ground, and staying in safer areas such as dense forests and steep, rocky terrain where hunters are unlikely to be. Results show that female elk adjust their behaviour as they age, showing that social learning, not just natural selection or selection by hunting, plays a large part in how older female elk avoid hunters.Īs each season passes, elk that survive hunting seasons get even better at avoiding hunters in subsequent seasons. Using radio collars, the team studied the movements and behaviour of elk across seven hunting seasons. The study, conducted by Boyce and two former postdoctoral fellows, Henrik Thurfjell and Simone Ciuti, examined elk in an area of 46,000 km2 in Southwestern Alberta and Southeastern British Columbia from 2007 to 2012. After this age threshold, female elk become almost bulletproof, virtually invulnerable to hunting. "Elk learn to become shy as they get older," said UAlberta conservation biologist Mark Boyce.
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